Gilgit-baltistan: Pakistan's northern Gilgit-Baltistan region, renowned for its towering peaks, vast glaciers, and pristine lakes, is experiencing a sharp decline in its treasured trout population. The species is under threat as climate change, habitat loss, and overfishing take a toll on the region's aquatic life.

According to Anadolu Agency, experts and officials have observed that the trout population has been reduced by 50% over the past two decades. Farasat Ali from the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) Pakistan highlighted that climate change-induced flash floods have been devastating the spawning habitats of trout by altering sediment and gravel sizes in streams and tributaries. He further noted that although local rivers and streams remain in good condition, overfishing using methods such as dynamite, nets, and electricity shock pose significant challenges to the trout population.

Inayat Ali, an assistant director at Gilgit-Baltistan's Fisheries Department, emphasized the impact of dramatic climate changes, including regular floods since 2010 and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF), on the trout populations. He explained that trout require fresh, clean water with adequate oxygen levels to thrive, but floods and landslides degrade water quality, destroying breeding grounds.

The improved road infrastructure in Gilgit-Baltistan has contributed to overfishing and commercial catching, according to Khadim Hussain from the local environment protection agency. The enhanced accessibility to remote areas has led to increased commercial fishing activities.

Trout, introduced by British colonial officers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is not endemic to Gilgit-Baltistan. The region is home to brown and rainbow trout, with the former being more abundant. Despite a six-month fishing ban during the breeding period, violations are common. The issuance of fishing licenses has risen significantly over the past decade, contributing to the overfishing problem.

In response to the declining trout population, a booming trout farming industry has emerged across the region. The number of trout farms has increased to over 450, supplying around 600 tons of trout yearly across Pakistan. The fisheries department has been supporting this "lucrative business" since 2013, creating new employment opportunities.

Maaz Alam, a trout farmer in Ghizer district, supplies 10 tons of fish annually to major cities like Islamabad, Lahore, and Peshawar. Alam sees potential for exporting trout to regional nations but emphasizes the need for government or third-party support for marketing and packaging.

Farasat from WWF suggests implementing community-based fish conservation and management programs, similar to successful trophy hunting initiatives for markhor, Pakistan's national animal. Such programs could enhance fish populations and support wetland conservation while benefiting local communities.