Istanbul: For nearly 1,500 years, the Hagia Sophia has stood tall over Istanbul, weathering empires, earthquakes, and time itself. However, as the threat of another major quake looms, vulnerabilities in its aging structure have surfaced, prompting significant efforts to protect the iconic landmark.

According to Anadolu Agency, architect Hasan Firat Diker, a member of the Hagia Sophia Scientific Committee, is leading the most extensive rehabilitation project for the building in a century. Built in the 6th century, the Hagia Sophia's dome has collapsed multiple times in history, but the structure has largely remained intact through various quakes due to the preservation efforts of successive ruling powers. Diker emphasizes the need to protect the building without altering its character.

The current restoration focuses on addressing weaknesses in the structure, particularly the four asymmetrical arches supporting the main dome. These were made thinner in past repairs, leaving the structure more fragile. Engineers are reinforcing connection points to prevent damage during earthquakes, especially from a phenomenon known as hammering, where structural components collide.

The restoration includes cleaning underground sections, restoring the dome and minarets, and addressing long-standing vulnerabilities. Unlike previous restorations that avoided scaffolding to preserve visitor experience, the current project adopts a holistic approach, shaped by earthquake scenarios and advanced technology to model realistic interventions.

Cultural heritage expert Ilknur Turkoglu underscores the seismic risks facing Istanbul, noting the city's history of significant earthquakes and the potential for greater damage today given its dense population. Turkoglu calls for a systematic review of the earthquake resilience of historic sites, along with urgent reinforcement where needed, and emphasizes the importance of securing museums housed in historic structures.

The restoration efforts reflect a commitment to preserving Istanbul's cultural heritage while preparing for future seismic events, aiming to protect both the structure and its historical significance.