Brussels:The European Commission has introduced a proposal for a new framework aimed at EU enlargement, which would permit candidate countries to integrate into selected EU policies prior to gaining full membership. This proposal includes a probationary period of up to 15 years for new member states, allowing the EU to enforce stronger safeguards.

According to Anadolu Agency, the framework suggests that during this extended safeguard period, the EU could implement measures against countries that significantly deviate from their accession commitments, particularly concerning the rule of law, democracy, or fundamental rights. European Commissioner for Enlargement Marta Kos emphasized the importance of maintaining EU membership standards, stating that the commission's goal is to prevent a "two-tier membership" and ensure equal rights for all member states.

Kos explained that the proposed safeguards serve as an "insurance policy" to address serious breaches by potentially limiting financial support or suspending voting rights in the EU Council for new member states. These safeguards would require negotiation between the EU and each accession country and be included in the accession treaty or regulations.

The commission is also advocating for a more ambitious approach to the gradual integration of candidate countries. This approach would act as an "accelerator for enlargement," allowing candidates who demonstrate sufficient progress in reforms and strategic alignment with the EU to participate in selected EU policies before achieving full membership. Sectors such as energy, transport, artificial intelligence, security, and defense are highlighted for deeper integration.

Kos identified Montenegro, Albania, Moldova, and Ukraine as the leading candidates for EU membership, with plans to provide them with indicative roadmaps. Despite these proposals, Kos made it clear that gradual integration is not a replacement for full membership, emphasizing that participation is "conditional, merit-based and reversible."

In addition, the package includes recommendations for modifying EU decision-making processes to accommodate a larger membership. The commission supports using passerelle clauses to transition from unanimity to qualified majority voting for decisions related to sanctions, tax fraud, and certain fiscal measures in energy policy. It also suggests using qualified majority voting for opening negotiating clusters during accession talks.

These proposals will now be discussed among EU member states, the European Parliament, and the EU Council to address the institutional and policy changes needed for future enlargement.