El Alamein:Leaders from Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Somalia convened in El Alamein, Egypt, to address ongoing regional disputes, particularly focusing on water rights issues concerning the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam.

According to Anadolu Agency, the summit resulted in the El Alamein Joint Declaration, which firmly rejected any unilateral measures that could compromise the water rights of Egypt and Sudan. This comes amid their ongoing dispute with Ethiopia over the dam.

The declaration also emphasized support for Sudan's sovereignty and institutions, dismissing the creation of any parallel entities. The leaders called for a Sudanese-led political process and rejected any support for mercenaries. Additionally, the summit reaffirmed Somalia unity and rejected any interference threatening its territorial integrity, particularly against recognizing Somaliland.

The leaders underscored the principle that governance of the Red Sea is the exclusive responsibility of its coastal states. Egypt has voiced concerns about Ethiopia's intentions to access the Red Sea, which Ethiopia has pursued despite being landlocked since Eritrea's independence.

In January 2024, Ethiopia signed a memorandum with Somaliland to develop a military base and port on the Red Sea, which Somalia's President termed illegal. The four countries reiterated their opposition to any actions that harm the water rights of downstream Nile states, Egypt and Sudan, who are in a dispute with Ethiopia over the dam.

The leaders agreed to hold such summits periodically to enhance regional consultation and coordination. Recent tensions include Ethiopia severing diplomatic ties with Eritrea and expelling an Egyptian diplomat, amid internal conflict and accusations of foreign interference.